The Hydrogen Covalent Bond Toy Model

12/07/2026

General

https://imsn.co.uk/DEF_Hydrogen_Molecule_p-e-e-p_Model_Display_Settings.html

DEF Hydrogen Molecule — p⁺–e⁻–e⁻–p⁺ Concept Model

DEF Hydrogen Molecule — central electron-pair concept

A visual test of the proposed ordering p⁺ — e⁻↑ — e⁻↓ — p⁺. The electron rotors are distinct, oppositely oriented and share a central phase-support corridor.

This is a conceptual DEF visualisation, not a solved molecular eigenmode. The default proton separation is labelled with the measured H₂ equilibrium distance, but the internal rotor sizes and electron-centre spacing are illustrative.

Geometry

Proton separation

Electron-centre spacing

Electron major radius R

Electron tube radius a

Rotor tilt

Field display

Shared phase-support width

Field visibility

Animation speed

Model readout

Ordering

p⁺–e⁻↑–e⁻↓–p⁺

Electron spin relation

opposite

Proton distance

0.741 Å

Bond-axis midpoint

x = 0

Shared region

central overlap

Neutrons

none in ¹H₂

Legend

Proton centres Electron phase markers Electron toroidal structures Shared phase-support corridor Repulsive tendency Attractive tendency

Drag the scene to rotate it. Use the mouse wheel or trackpad to zoom. The moving markers trace opposite helical phase directions on the two electron rotors.

p⁺ — e⁻↑ e⁻↓ — p⁺

Green arrows: attraction toward shared negative support
Red arrows: like-charge repulsion

IMSN

Imagination – Mass – Space – Nexus

The Hydrogen Covalent Bond Toy Model

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