Why is the fine-structure constant 1/137?

The fine-structure constant:α  =  e24πϵ0 ℏ c  ≈  1137\alpha \;=\;\frac{e^{2}}{4\pi \epsilon_{0}\,\hbar\,c}\;\approx\;\frac{1}{137} It’s dimensionless (no units). In ordinary physics it measures the strength of electromagnetism. In DEF, you can read it as the fractional “leakage / defect” of an electron’s otherwise self-closing circulation that survives the closure Read more ›

The QM measurement problem in DEF

The QM measurement problem is basically this tension: So the problem is: What is the real, physical mechanism that turns “both” into “one”? And why does that mechanism only show up when “measurement” happens? A Differential Expansion Framework (DEF) -style Read more ›

Decoding Particle Decay

Do Particle Lifetimes Follow a Simple Law? What the PDG Data Actually Says A natural question in particle physics is whether there is a simple relationship between a particle’s mass and its lifetime. Heavier particles tend to decay faster — Read more ›